Forgotten Serials Part 1

One of the joys of working in the Local History & Genealogy Division has been the discovery of Rochester’s rich publishing history.  From small presses to numerous newspapers, it’s one more point of pride for our diverse metropolis. This Forgotten Serials series of the Division’s blog will give us a chance to highlight some periodicals in the collection that haven’t seen the light of day in ages, while creating some valuable cultural footnotes in the process.

First up, we introduce a not-so-antique publication for the later 90s, when Mike Cidoni, former movie critic for the Times-Union, took a stab at competing with Freetime for the local entertainment listings market. Behold The One, “Rochester’s Entertainment Magazine,” which, like its counterparts, could be found in taverns, vestibules, and on freebie shelves citywide. Unlike City, The One‘s emphasis was strictly on entertainment; unlike Freetime, it emphasized articles over listings. Like its brethren, it was a good quick read with a beer and a handy reference during each issue’s monthly shelf life. It only endured from 1997 to 1999 before heading to the great paper beyond, but it was, as they say, fun while it lasted.

Here’s the cover to volume 2, number 10 (July 1998):

On a personal note, and one of my reasons for resurrecting this particular publication, is my own involvement with it. I got to write a column for The One on local music, being paid the princely sum of ten dollars per article. (Mike was not a cheap man by any means, he was just working on a shoestring.) The article below, from the above issue, was my first, and Cherry Gun, now obscured by the sands of time, remain just as dear to my heart as they did back then. (Click on file to make bigger.)

You can probably find bits of Cherry Gun on some corner of the interwebs to this day. (P.S. The radio show referenced at the bottom is still on the air all these years later, too! (Some of the clubs haven’t survived, though.)

Check out future installments for more Forgotten Serials of Rochester’s past, and check out the Local History Division for  a look-see as well.

—-Bob Scheffel, Librarian, Local History Division (and host of the Spotlight Review)

Calling all Family Detectives

Christine Ridarsky

Sunday, May 19, marks the last session of Season 1 of the Local History & Genealogy Division’s popular Family Detectives Club series. I want to thank all of the library patrons who have made this such a successful program. Each week for the past seven months, library genealogy specialist Barb Koehler has led half-hour discussions on a variety of topics related to family history research. Just two people attended the first session back in October 2012. More recently, attendance has averaged 20 people per session, and we’ve continued to see new faces every week.

Topics that we’ve covered over the past several months have included genealogy basics, the kinds of information found in state and federal records, city and suburban directories, and church and cemetery records,  the value of maps, the USGenWeb Project, immigration and naturalization records, and most recently, county clerk’s records, to name just a few.

When we were developing the genealogy series late last summer, we considered many possible names for it. We finally settled on Family Detectives Club because it was catchy and seemed fitting for what we envisioned as a series of fairly informal programs that we hoped would encourage people to come back to the library week after week. Of course, we had no idea then just how appropriate the name would come to be! The weekly series really has become something of a “club.” Indeed, I think some of the regular participants come as much for the camaraderie with fellow family history enthusiasts as for the information they receive from Koehler and our guest presenters. We’ve seen many new friendships develop as a result of the weekly gatherings. And yet it has not become cliquish; newcomers are always welcomed.

I love that the library has been able to provide a venue for this social and educational gathering!

Unfortunately, this first season comes to a close on Sunday. The library will be closed on Sundays from May 26 to September 29, reopening on October 6. But I am pleased to announce that, due to its success, we plan to continue the Family Detectives Club in the fall. Look for a schedule in late August or early September and mark your calendar for 1:15 p.m. on October 6.

In the meantime, we’re wrapping up Season 1 with several surprises. So whether you’re a regular attendee or a newbie interested in learning more, please join us at 1:15 p.m. this Sunday, May 19, in the Local History & Genealogy Division for our Season Finale. All of the handouts from Season 1 will be available. Plus more, more, more! It also will be an opportunity for you to help shape Season 2. You won’t want to miss it!

And if you’re going to miss our Sunday gathering, don’t worry! There are plenty of ways for you to continue your research over the summer. Here are a few suggestions:

1. The library will be open on Saturdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. through June 29. Docents from the Rochester Genealogical Society are available in the library most Saturdays to provide FREE one-on-one assistance with your research. We recommend calling ahead to ensure that a docent is scheduled: (585) 428-8370. The library is closed Saturdays from July 6 through August 31, reopening on September 7.

2. New York State has begun to make some death indexes available online. The online database currently only covers the period between 1957 and 1963. It is unclear whether the state plans to continue to add to this database moving forward or whether it will be expanded backwards to include previous years’ deaths. It also is not clear whether the state has any plans to add birth and marriage records to the online database in the future. We are currently investigating these questions and will post more information as it becomes available. In the meantime, if you want to explore the death index online, you can find it here: https://www.health.data.ny.gov/Health/Genealogical-Research-Death-Index/vafa-pf2s.

3. Online genealogy database findmypast.com will be allowing FREE access to its collection of U.S. and international military records beginning Thursday, May 23, through Memorial Day, Monday, May 27. The online database includes more than 26 million military records. Well-known genealogy blogger Dick Eastman writes that “findmypast.com is encouraging people to explore and learn about the heroic efforts of their ancestors this Memorial Day. Record sets such as ‘Draft Registration Cards,’ ‘Casualties Returned Alive,’ ‘POWs’ and others will offer a captivating glimpse into the lives and experiences of our veteran ancestors.” Anyone will be able to view the records by registering for FREE at findmypast.com.

If you do have the opportunity to use findmypast.com, please let me know what you think of it. The Local History & Genealogy Division is considering expanding its database offerings. Would you use findmypast.com if it were available for FREE at the library? What other fee-based database services would you like the library to provide you FREE access to? Please send your thoughts to me at christine.ridarsky@libraryweb.org.

From the Vault: What’s In Your Water?

Without the efforts of such pioneers as George W. Rafter on the job, you might not want to know.

George W. Rafter (from Rochester and the Post Express: A History of the City of Rochester from the Earliest Times [1895], p. 232.)

Although plumbing systems have existed since ancient times, modern sewage systems are relatively new, appearing in the mid-19th century as scientists began to link the coincidence of disease outbreak with their proximity to sewage-tainted water.

Born in Phelps, Ontario County, Rochester resident George W. Rafter (b. 1851, d. 1907) was at the forefront of water supply management in the United States. In addition to serving as assistant engineer of the Rochester waterworks from 1883 to 1887, Rafter’s reputation in the field led to various projects in other regions. In 1882, he was hired to lead the construction of the waterworks in Fort Worth, Texas. He also served as engineer and designer of waterworks in Fredonia and Westfield, New York, and was employed as a sanitary expert in Boston. In 1898 Rafter was appointed head of the Water Supply Division for the United States Board of Engineering on Deep Waterways, and in 1904 was sent by the State Engineer to Europe to study and report on movable bridges.

On the Measures for Restricting the Use and Waste of Water, in Force in the City of Rochester, N. Y., 1892. (From the collection of the Rochester Public Library Local History & Genealogy Division.)

An alumnus of Cornell University, Rafter co-authored Sewage Disposal in the United States (1894), which would become a standard text in the fields of sewage treatment and water supply management. In fact, by the time of his death at the age of 56, Rafter had published over 160 pamphlets, monographs, and papers on engineering and a variety of subjects. He was also a prominent figure in the relatively new field of photo-micrography, a pursuit he enjoyed in his spare time.

Plate 33. 20/1. Complete leaf of fern attached to stem and showing spores. Mount by John D. King. 1/2 inch objective. Lamplight. (From the collection of the Rochester Public Library Local History & Genealogy Division)

Plate 42. A series of photographs of the crenothrix polyspora. (From the collection of the Rochester Public Library Local History & Genealogy Division)

I first learned about George Rafter upon discovering a large box of mounted albumen photographs of what looked like science experiments in one of our stacks areas. It turned out that in 1888, Rafter had donated 88 of his photo-micrographic plates to the Reynolds Library, along with a detailed inventory that described each type of organism, how the slide was prepared, the magnification used, and the type of illumination utilized. In fact, Rafter was so passionate about photo-micrography that, dissatisfied with the camera apparatus available at the time, he went ahead and invented his own.

Professional Photo-Micro-Camera designed by George W. Rafter (from the Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, October 1887, p. 823.)

Plate 71. 70/1. Slide of arranged diatoms by Thomas Christian. 1/2 inch objective. Sunlight. (From the collection of the Rochester Public Library Local History & Genealogy Division)

Plate 62. 240/1. Diatom Triceratium favus. From the slide of arranged diatoms shown in Plate 61. 1/2 inch objective with amplifier. Sunlight. (From the collection of the Rochester Public Library Local History & Genealogy Division)

The research that Rafter performed and the discoveries he made helped shape the evolution of water supply management, from analyzing bacteria to investigating dams, canals, and reservoirs. Rafter’s life was cut short—possibly due to complications from diabetes—while on vacation in Europe in 1907. He left behind a wife and two daughters.

~Cheri Crist, Librarian

Sources

“Death of George W. Rafter While Visiting in Europe.” The Rochester Herald (Rochester, NY), Dec. 30, 1907.

Devoy, John. Rochester and the Post Express: A History of the City of Rochester from the Earliest Times. (Rochester, N.Y.: Post Express Printing Co., 1895).

Jewish Rochester

On Sunday, April 21, at 2pm, author Mary Posman will give a public lecture on her recent Rochester History article, “Rochester, Refugees, and the Jewish Community, 1930 to 1950.” Illuminating an important chapter of Rochester’s past, Posman’s engaging account sparked my interest in a subject I had previously, and regrettably, known little about.

It is not surprising to discover that Rochester’s Jewish community has a rich history, dating back to the 1840s and the arrival of the first Jewish settlers from Germany. These pioneers did not take long to establish themselves as valuable citizens, enhancing the economic, social, and cultural life of the city.

Clothing manufacturing was a popular occupation among Rochester’s earliest Jews, who led the development of this emerging industry. By 1860, the city boasted over 40 tailor shops. These businesses grew to dominate the men’s clothing trade in the Northeast, helping to diversify the economic portfolio of the Flour/Flower City.

By the early twentieth century, Jewish-run clothing factories had become a major employer of new immigrants from Eastern Europe. Polish and Russian Jewish workers found themselves at odds with wealthy Jewish manufacturers as they organized for better hours, conditions, and pay.

Adler Brothers clothing factory, ca. 1910. From the collection of the Rochester Public Library Local History Division.

Originally settling in the Main Street/Front Street area of downtown, Rochester’s Jewish population soon moved into the city’s near northeast side, around Joseph Avenue. As they accumulated wealth and resources, Jews migrated into the East Avenue/Park Avenue neighborhood and eventually to the nearby suburbs of Brighton, Irondequoit, and, later, Pittsford.

Not always welcomed into the broader social life of their environs, Rochester’s Jews established their own social and religious institutions, through which they preserved and cultivated their heritage. They formed congregations and built synagogues that served not only as places of worship, but also as schools and community centers. They built libraries and lecture halls that became important educational venues. Jewish youth received further intellectual and spiritual nourishment in organizations like the Judean Club, while the Jewish Young Men’s and Women’s Association (JY) offered a variety of physical, cultural, social, and educational activities.

Postcard depicting the JY building on Andrews Street, opened in 1936. Organized in 1908, the JY was originally located on Franklin Square. In 1973, the organization moved to its current facility on Edgewood Avenue, in Brighton, changing its name to the now familiar Jewish Community Center of Greater Rochester (JCC). From the collection of the Rochester Public Library Local History Division.

As Posman’s article reveals, Jewish Rochesterians have long engaged in humanitarian efforts. Groups like the Baden Street Settlement, Hebrew Benevolent Society, United Jewish Charities, and Rochester Jewish Relief Society cared for the less fortunate members of the community. The Jewish Orphan Asylum of Western New York, the Jewish Children’s Home, and the Jewish Home for the Aged tended to the respective needs of children and older adults.  

Focusing on the role the Jewish community played in Rochester’s response to increasing anti-Semitism in Europe and the plight of Jewish refugees before, during, and after the Second World War, Posman examines a significant moment in this city’s history and calls our attention to the myriad contributions, both past and present, of Jewish Rochester. I encourage you to attend Posman’s talk on Sunday to learn more about this fascinating story.

Rochester’s Rich History – Rabbi Philip Bernstein and Jewish Activism in Rochester, 1930-1950
Presentation by Mary Posman
Sunday, April 21, 2013
2:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Central Library, Rundel Auditorium, 3rd floor, Rundel Memorial Building

Hope to see you there!

~Michelle Finn, Deputy City Historian

Sources:

Kasdin, Phyllis. The Future Begins with the Past: An Archives Exhibit of Jewish Rochester. Rochester, NY: Fossil Press, 2005.

Posman, Mary. “Rochester, Refugees, and the Jewish Community.” Rochester History 74, no. 2 (Fall 2012).

Rosenberg, Stuart E. The Jewish Community in Rochester: 1843-1925. New York: Columbia University Press, 1954.

What Hath Eastman Wrought?

….in the case of the film industry, plenty. Imagine an alternative Hollywood where Kodak products were not used in movie-making, and you would have a decidedly different industry indeed. But Rochester’s contributions to cinema don’t end with what the images are printed on. In light of the 11th High Falls Film Festival taking place this week (and which this blogger enthusiastically endorses), let us take, ahem, stock of some other notable local names in film’s storied history.

Maud Humphrey, born in Rochester (1868-1940), was a noted American illustrator, suffragette, and mother to one of cinema’s icons, Humphrey Bogart.

The inimitable Cab Calloway (1907-1994), was also born here, in the Calloway home on 18 Cypress St. He lit up both stage and screen with his outsized presence; check out some of his many film clips on YouTube, including one of his classic Betty Boop appearances.

We all know Fairport’s Philip Seymour Hoffman, an outstanding actor in any era, and Oscar winner to boot.

The legendary Louise Brooks (1906-1985), silent film actress and raconteur, settled in Rochester in her later years.

Besides being an author and prolific letter writer, she was also well known by the staff of the Central Library as a colorful patron of the Library in the 70s and 80s, and actually left some marginalia in her irascible style in a few books. The pages below (click to enlarge) are from the memoir “W. C. Fields & Me” by Carlotta Monti (originally found in the Literature Division, it can now be found, like the other fine books above, in the Local History Collection of the Rochester Public Library).

Can you think of any other luminaries from the Genesee Valley area who went on to light up the silver screen? Feel free to share in the comments area below!

—Bob Scheffel, Librarian, Local History Division

World War I at Your Fingertips

Did you know that the Digitizing Department scanned thousands of pages of historical documents last year? The latest books to be digitized are the World War Service Record of Rochester and Monroe County N.Y. (volumes 1-3).

World War I Service Record Compiled and Edited by Edward R. Forman, City Historian 1928

Volume 1, “Those Who Died for Us,” will be of interest to people who had an ancestor who gave his or her life for our country in World War I. The first part of this volume has a short biography of each person and the circumstances of his or her death, while the second half of the book has photographs of several of the soldiers.

Soldiers Serving during World War I

Volume 2, “Those Who Went Forth to Serve,” lists the names of men and women who served in the armed forces during World War I. This volume is a gold mine for genealogists as it lists the city where each person was born, along with place, age, and date of enlistment and details of service.

Red Cross Canteen Workers in their summer and winter uniforms

Volume 3, “Those Who Supported the Service,” discusses the work that was done by groups and businesses in the Rochester community during the war. Some of the groups include the Red Cross, the YMCA, the YWCA, the Salvation Army, the American Library Association, public school efforts, church efforts, and many more. This volume also tells about the research done and the equipment made by the Eastman Kodak Company (along with many pictures of Kodak cameras used by the government), the Gleason Works, Bausch and Lomb, and others.

Automatic Gun Camera used for training manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Company

The World War Service Record books are just a few of the valuable digitized items that are useful to genealogists, historians, and students.  You can access them here

http://www.libraryweb.org/~digitized/books/World_War_service_record_vol_1.pdf

http://www.libraryweb.org/~digitized/books/World_War_service_record_vol_2.pdf

http://www.libraryweb.org/~digitized/books/World_War_service_record_vol_3.pdf

Margaret Chatterton, Digitizing Department

No Whining? Think Again.

 “I personally think we developed language because of our deep inner need to complain.” attributed to Jane Wagner

Setting the scene

The time was October, 1861 and the Civil War was in full swing.  President Abraham Lincoln was viewing a hot air balloon demonstration in hopes that such balloons could be used as a top secret observation method during battles. Moore’s Rural New Yorker was reporting that about 20,000 troops were assembling at Annapolis, a “fleet of seventy sail is in the offing; we are ordered to embark soon, with fifteen days’ provisions for men and horses. Foot it all up, and say for yourself whether it shells out Charleston, Mobile or New Orleans. One thing is clear—something is about to be attempted.”

And in Rochester, Ellen Stout was in enough of a state about her son that she complained to the Board of Health about a certain Michael Wolf.

“Oct. 28, 1861. By Ellen Stout. That Mike Wolf, on Orange Street, near Walnut Street, near Schoolhouse No. 17, who keeps a beer saloon, and who entices and harbors her son 16 years of age away from home at his house, thus demoralizing him, and all who visit his saloon.”

How do we know this? Because one of the hottest current reads in the Local History Division is The Board of Health Complaint Book, 1861-1866. This typescript of the Board of Health records from the Civil War period contains a wealth of information about the downsides of city living in the 1860s.

We don’t know who transcribed these complaints or when or why; all we know is that everyone who reads them is fascinated. We have digitized this volume so you can now read them too. Note that the complaints are recorded in chronological order. But before you delve into the volume let me give you some general background about what those Rochesterians were complaining about.

Morality and public nuisances

In addition to complaints about houses of ill repute and drunkenness, the new sport of baseball was a cause of concern to Silas Cornell. Mr. Cornell was an upright citizen and renowned mapmaker. You can view his maps by visiting Rochester Images. But somehow he could not abide boys playing baseball on the Sabbath.

“April 8, 1864. Brown Square is much abused by boys playing ball, etc. on the grass, more on the Sabbath Day than other times. Last Sabbath about 1 o’clock, two gentlemen remonstrated kindly with them and urged them to dispurse. Some of them returned the vilest abuse and before the gentlemen got out of sight they resumed their play. Silas Cornell.”

 He seemed to get such little satisfaction that he felt the need to complain again later in the month.

“April 26, 1864. Brown Square again. Last Sabbath rude boys were again collected and playing ball here, not as numerous as on some former times. One company of 5 or 6 boys kept up their game with loud holloring till about 1 o’clock without being interrupted or stoped. Silas Cornell.”

 Profane language and other incivilities also get space in the book.

“May 20, 1864. Complaint is made of boys in swimming in canal between Troup and Atkinson St., exposing their persons and using profane language from 7 to 8 of clock p.m.”

 “Dec. 27th, 1864. Richard Daly, 183 State St. Complains of John McCormick, Lester’s Block, for chopping wood on the sidewalk and breaking windows while doing so. When complainant remonstrated with him about it, the reply was, ‘Go to — ‘. This is for the street Superintendent.”

 Animals, living and dead, were  a major concern, as livestock and pets were all in the way everywhere, it seems.

“April 16, 1864. Roswell Hart, Esq., having seen a notice in the paper from the Mayor, requesting good citizens to report the names of persons violating  City Ordinances, desires to report the names of Henry S. Potter, William A. Reynolds and O. M. Benedict as having violated an Ordinance by allowing their cows to run at large in the streets.”

Henry S. Potter, cow owner. From Rochester and the Post Express, page 170

“Oct. 14th. 1864. Amasa Orlun, corner of Tappan and Finney Sts., complains of a dead hog lying in the street near his place on Finney Street. Hog lies beside the fence. Been there three days.”

(By the way, if you see a dead pig these days it looks like 3-1-1 is the number you want to call — I am providing this information as a public service)

I tried to count the numbers of complaints about privies and other environmental concerns but it became so daunting that I gave up. Some of the most colorful language in the book is reserved for this category, though.

“Feb. 15, 1866. Complaint is made of a lot of privies on east side of Jones Street between Brown and Jay Streets. They are said to be running over with filth or will be as soon as a thaw occurs.”

“April 19, 1866. See a ravine running down below Lyme’s Brewery which is full of putrefaction and when the weather becomes warmer impregnates the whole atmosphere with putrid miasma, and if not cleansed will be a source for contagion and disease. It is full of corrupt matter and which has been gradully increasing for many years. Let the Inspector stir it a little and smell it. Situated between Prince Street and New Main Street, north of the brewery.”

Diseases

In the days before hand sanitizer dispensers were in almost every building, colds were the least of the citizens’ worries. Any news of a smallpox outbreak brought out fears worthy of the characters of  a modern scary movie:

“December 4, 1863. Complaint is made of a case of small pox. Chatham St. People are continually running out and in exposing the whole neighbourhood to the disease. Dr. Kuichling has pronounced the case fatal and says that proper steps should at once be taken to prevent the malady spreading.”

Natural disasters

It is puzzling to me that there is only one complaint recorded in the book about one of the greatest catastrophes of all time in Rochester, the flood of March 1865. However, it is a particularly poignant one.

“March 20, 1865. A family on Kent St., No. 26, has nothing to eat or anything to burn. All flooded out.”

                                            View of the flood

Finally, a true  Rochester complaint!

On January 6, 1866, Benjamin Butler, listed in the complaint book as a Street Superintendent, “complains of the Mayor for not having the snow in front of the Court House cleaned off.”

Who among us has not complained about the snow? If you have, you may not want to look at that seven-day forecast just yet. However, if the snowflakes do begin to fall again, you now have a “new” book you can curl up with as you sit by the fire, the Board of Health Complaint Book, 1861-1866.

Elizabeth Spring, Digital Collections Librarian

The Other Anthony Girl

Don’t get me wrong, Susan B. Anthony deserves her proper respect. Ardent abolitionist, temperance worker, women’s rights advocate, education crusader, labor activist, suffragist, public speaker, writer, leader—her legacy is lasting; her praises duly sung. That said, I thought it fitting this Women’s History Month to pay tribute to another woman from Rochester’s past who is equally deserving of our admiration, if not as privy to our attention: Susan’s younger sister, Mary Stafford Anthony.

Overshadowed in both life and death by her famous older sibling, Mary S. Anthony was a worthy character in her own right. Born on April 2, 1827, in Battenville, NY, Mary moved to Rochester with her family when she was eighteen. Well-educated, she eventually became a teacher. She taught in the city’s public schools for 27 years, retiring from her position as principal of School No. 2 in 1883. In testament to her intellect, a friend noted that Mary was “an excellent mathematician, a natural philosopher and…history was also one of her specialties” (“Death Comes to Mary S. Anthony”).

Close with her sister, Mary shared Susan’s devotion to social justice. In fact, she was the first of the two to enlist in the crusade for sexual equality, attending the second women’s rights convention held in Rochester in August 1848, two weeks after the historic first meeting in Seneca Falls. Mary, unlike Susan, actually signed the Declaration of Sentiments. In November 1872, both Mary and Susan, along with their two other sisters and 10 other Rochester women, challenged state law by registering and voting in the presidential election. Six years later, Mary represented Monroe County at the Rochester convention of the National Woman Suffrage Association. In 1885, she organized and hosted the first meeting of the local Women’s Political Club (later renamed the Political Equality Club); she served as its president from 1892 to 1903. She became corresponding secretary for the New York State Woman Suffrage Association in 1893 and helped run a suffrage campaign headquarters out of the family home at 17 Madison Street.

Mary Anthony was the family breadwinner, caregiver, and household manager. It was she who held down the fort, enabling Susan to devote her time and energy to the cause. Both morally and financially supportive of her sister’s work, Mary helped to fund Susan’s journal, The Revolution, and contributed significantly to Susan’s drive to sexually integrate the University of Rochester in 1900. Mary traveled with Susan to Europe in 1899 and again in 1904 to attend meetings of the International Council of Women. Both sisters were in Berlin when the International Woman Suffrage Alliance was formed; Susan became its first member, Mary its second.

The last trip Mary and Susan Anthony took together was to attend the National American Woman Suffrage Association convention in Baltimore in 1906. A little over a month later, Susan died in their home with Mary at her side. Less than a year after that, on February 7, 1907, Mary, too, passed away in her home, two months shy of her 80th birthday. Sadly, neither sister lived to see their shared dream of woman suffrage come to fruition with the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920. While Susan’s contribution to this effort has been appropriately noted, Mary’s remains largely and undeservedly obscured.  

The Anthony sisters are buried beside each other in Rochester’s historic Mount Hope Cemetery. Should you happen to be in the neighborhood, consider paying your respects to them both.

~Michelle Finn, Deputy Historian

Mary Stafford Anthony and Susan Brownell Anthony, n.d.
From the collection of the Rochester Public Library Local History Division.

Sources:

“Miss Mary S. Anthony is Dead at Her Home.” Post Express, February 5, 1907. In Tengwall scrapbook no. 1: 196, Rochester Public Library Local History Division.

“Death Comes to Mary S. Anthony.” Democrat & Chronicle, February 6, 1907. In Peck scrapbook v. 2:61½, Rochester Public Library Local History Division.

Western New York Suffragists. “Mary Stafford Anthony.” Accessed March 23, 2013. http://winningthevote.org/F-MAnthony.html